	នេះគឺជា ទំព័រគោលការណ៍ និងសេចក្ដីណែនាំ។ វានឹងមិនត្រូវបានកែប្រែ បើគ្មានការបោះឆ្នោតទេនោះ។
	Policies: CFI - ELE - BLOCK - REDIR - BOTS - QUOTE - DELETE - NPOV - AXX

This policy explains considerations for Japanese entries that are not covered by WT:ELE and other general policies.

Basics

A very simple example

This is a simple entry for the word ទំព័រគំរូ:Jpan script (kotoba, “word”), and shows the most fundamental elements of an article:

==Japanese==
{{ja-kanjitab|言|葉}}

===Noun===
{{ja-noun|k|hira=ことば|rom=kotoba}}

# a [[word]]

Lemma entries

Following are the guidelines for entries for the lemma form of Japanese terms. For terms commonly written with kanji, e.g. 人 (hito), 口 (kuchi), and most other 常用漢字 (jōyō kanji), the kanji form is considered the lemma. For terms without kanji forms, e.g. つるつる (tsurutsuru), and for terms whose kanji form is rarely used, e.g. ちょっと (chotto), the most common form is considered the lemma. When the situation is unclear, editors are advised to use their best judgment on a case by case basis.

For non-lemma entries (e.g. for the hiragana and romaji forms of terms conventionally written in kanji and for conjugated forms), a see #Non-lemma forms for the more abbreviated form to use instead.

Headings before the definitions

For entries with kanji, {{ja-kanjitab}} shows the component kanji in a table floated at the right margin. If there is no etymology text and no need for an ===Etymology=== section, {{ja-kanjitab}} immediately follows the ==Japanese== language heading, e.g.:

កាន់ជិសម្រាប់ពាក្យនេះ
言	葉

==Japanese==
{{ja-kanjitab|言|葉}}

Etymology

For details, see: Wiktionary:About Japanese/Etymology

If there is an ===Etymology=== section, place {{ja-kanjitab}} at the top of it. For example, the entry 外来語 (gairaigo) includes the following:

===Etymology===
{{ja-kanjitab|外|来|語}}

Japanese is rich in homophones and homographs, so there will often be multiple numbered “Etymology” headers:

===Etymology 1===
From [[二]] (''ni'', “two”) + [[言]] (''gon'', “speech”)

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|k|hira=にごん|rom=nigon}}

# [[duplicity]], [[double]] [[dealing]], double [[tongue]]

===Etymology 2===
From [[二]] (''futa'', “two”) + [[言]] (''koto'', “word”)

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|k|hira=ふたこと|rom=futakoto}}

# two [[word]]s
# [[repetition]]

Pronunciation

For the ===Pronunciation=== section, {{IPA|lang=ja|/.../}} is available, but usually not essential for Japanese entries.

The article core

The part of speech or other descriptor

See #Parts of speech for the list of standard “parts of speech” for English Wiktionary's Japanese entries.

Headword (inflection) line

The part of speech inflection line should be formatted with one of the following:

{{ja-noun}}
{{ja-verb}}
{{ja-adj}} (including quasi-adjectives)
{{ja-pos}} for all others

Definitions

Definitions should be restricted to simple translation glosses, where practical. To show example usage and quotations, the standard format from WT:ELE is used:

definition
example usage
hiragana version (only if the example usage contains kanji other than the word for this page)

romaji version in italics

English translation

another example usage (only if this example indicates something useful about the word that the first does not).
hiragana version

romaji version in italics

English translation
- Year, Author, Source title, Publisher, pages #–#,
  quotation
  hiragana version
  
  romaji version in italics
  
  English translation
- Year, Author, Source title, Publisher (publication date of later edition), page #,
  quotation
  hiragana version
  
  romaji version in italics
  
  English translation
definition 2
example usage
hiragana version

romaji version in italics

English translation
- Year, Author, Source title, Publisher (publication date of later edition), page #,
  quotation
  hiragana version
  
  romaji version in italics
  
  English translation

Headings after the definitions

Alternative forms

alternative form 1 (linked)
alternative form 2 (linked)

Construction [mostly for verbs]

example construction using 誰, 何, どこ, いつ, etc., showing use of particles (the particles should be bolded). With appropriate kanji.
example construction with English sentence elements (someone) and spaces between the element and token constructions. With no kanji.

translation of example construction with appropriate descriptions of the verb form (e.g., passive or intransitive) being used at the beginning, and notes at the end in italics (if the notes are more than a few words, put it on the next line with a double-colon [::])
- example sentence using the construction (with appropriate hiragana, romanization, and translation)
誰から何に誘われる
[someone]から[something]にさそわれる

[someone] kara [something] ni sasowareru

(passive) to be invited by someone to do something.
Note: I'm pretending that I have an important note here. One that is long enough to justify a whole line.
- 幸子さんは真紀さんからデートに誘われた。
  さちこさんはまきさんからデートにさそわれた。
  
  Sachiko-san wa Maki-san kara dēto ni sasowareta.
  
  Sachiko was invited by Maki on a date.

Conjugation (for verbs), Declension (adjectives and quasi-adjectives)

(Note: 活用 translates to conjugation in English when applied to verbs, and declension when applied to adjectives and nouns.) Conjugation templates have been created for verbs (ichidan, godan, and suru), and declension templates for adjectives and quasi-adjectives.

The following templates for modern Japanese are complete:

Generic templates which can be used inside all other templates as well as for irregular patterns such as ある.
- Generic verb {{ja-verbconj}}
- Generic adjective {{ja-adjdecl}}
Specific templates based on the generic templates
1. Ichidan Conjugation {{ja-ichi}} {{ja-ichi|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}, where stem is anything before the る
2. Godan Conjugation
  - ending with -う {{ja-go-u}} {{ja-go-u|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -く {{ja-go-ku}} {{ja-go-ku|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -ぐ {{ja-go-gu}} {{ja-go-gu|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -す {{ja-go-su}} {{ja-go-su|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -つ {{ja-go-tsu}} {{ja-go-tsu|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -ぬ {{ja-go-nu}} {{ja-go-nu|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -ぶ {{ja-go-bu}} {{ja-go-bu|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -む {{ja-go-mu}} {{ja-go-mu|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
  - ending with -る {{ja-go-ru}} {{ja-go-ru|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}
3. Irregular Conjugation
  - する and verbs ending with -する {{ja-suru}} {{ja-suru|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}, where stem is anything before the する
  - 来る and compounds such as やって来る {{ja-kuru}} {{ja-kuru|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}, where stem is anything before the 来る
  - Honorifics いらっしゃる, おっしゃる, なさる {{ja-honorific}} {{ja-honorific|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}, where stem is anything before the る
4. Adjectives (-i declension) {{ja-i}} {{ja-i|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}, where stem is anything before the い
5. Quasi-Adjectives (-na declension) {{ja-na}} {{ja-na|kanji stem|hiragana stem|romaji stem}}, where stem is anything before the な

For classical Japanese, we will need additional templates for:

Verb conjugation (classical) {{ja-cl-verbconj}} {{ja-cl-verbconj}}
Adjective declension (classical) {{ja-cl-adjdecl}} {{ja-cl-adjdecl}}
Quasi-adjective declension (classical) {{ja-cl-qaddecl}} {{ja-cl-qadjdecl}}
Yodan Conjugation {{ja-yo-?}} {{ja-yo-?}}, will need to be one for each ending
Kami-ichidan Conjugation {{ja-kamiichi}} {{ja-kamiichi}}
Kami-nidan Conjugation {{ja-kamini}} {{ja-kamini}}, will need to be one for each ending
Shimo-ichidan Conjugation {{ja-shimoichi}} {{ja-shimoichi}}
Shimo-nidan Conjugation {{ja-shimoni}} {{ja-shimoni}}, will need to be one for each ending
Irregular Verb Conjugations
- Irregular S {{ja-ir-s}} {{ja-ir-s}}
- Irregular K {{ja-ir-k}} {{ja-ir-k}}
- Irregular R {{ja-ir-r}} {{ja-ir-r}}
- Irregular N {{ja-ir-n}} {{ja-ir-n}}
Ku Conjugation {{ja-ku}} {{ja-ku|stem}}
Shiku Conjugation {{ja-shiku}} {{ja-shiku|stem}}
Nari Conjugation {{ja-nari}} {{ja-nari|stem}}
Tari Conjugation {{ja-tari}} {{ja-tari|stem}}

Usage notes

Here you might want to have more detailed information about the usage or connotations of a word, so as not to clutter up the section above. Since Japanese differs significantly from English, many words will require significant explication about how the sense of a word differs from its simple English translation.
Perhaps the word is only used in association with something else or only in extremely formal circumstances.
This is information that the wiktionary can provide that is not currently offered by existing dictionaries in any significant way.

Synonyms

a synonym (linked)

Antonyms

an antonym (linked)

Derived terms

a derived term (linked)

Related terms

a term related to this one linguisticly, not necessarily derived from it. Derived terms are related terms so if you have both, you may wish to combine them under Related terms.

Idioms

Some idiomatic expression using this word.
hiragana

romaji

English translation

Considerations about Japanese language entries

Wiktionary may be used by students who are not proficient in Japanese and may be unfamiliar with or unable to type the kanji, hiragana, or katakana versions of Japanese terms. The criteria for inclusion of Japanese entries includes romaji and hiragana entries. A romaji entry satisfies the criteria for inclusion if any of its hiragana, katakana, or kanji transliterations satisfy the standard criteria. Likewise, a hiragana or katakana transliteration of a kanji entry satisfies the criteria for inclusion if that kanji entry satisfies the standard criteria.

Non-lemma forms

Hiragana entries

Hiragana entries with corresponding kanji entries should be formatted like this:

==Japanese==
===(part of speech)===
(pos template, with form "h", without the kanji= parameter if there are multiple definitions)
# [[kanji form 1]]: short definition 1
# [[kanji form 2]]: short definition 2
(other parts of speech, in English alphabetical order)

If the hiragana is a pronunciaton of a kanji which is used in compounds, add a Kanji reading section like this: (this comes first, before parts of speech)

===Kanji reading===
'''hiragana form''' (''romaji form'')
====On-reading of:====
*[[kanji 1 with this on-reading]]
*[[kanji 2 with this on-reading]]

====Kun-reading of:====
*[[kanji with this kun-reading]]

E.g. excerpted from き:

==Japanese==
===Kanji reading===
'''き''' (''ki'')
====On-reading of:====
# [[貴]]: [[noble]], [[precious]]
# [[機]]: [[machine]], [[moment]], [[chance]]
====Kun-reading of:====
# [[黄]]： [[yellow]]
===Noun===  
{{ja-noun|h|rom=ki}}
# [[木]]： [[tree]]
# [[気]]： [[air]], [[spirit]]

Kanji reading

き (ki)

On-reading of:

貴: noble, precious
機: machine, moment, chance

Kun-reading of:

黄： yellow

Noun

き (romaji ki)

木： tree
気： air, spirit

Hiragana entries will thus act as the canonical entry for pronunciation and homophones.

Romaji entries

See /Transliteration about the conventions for the romanization itself.

Romaji entries should be formatted as follows:

==Japanese==
===(part of speech)===
(pos template, with form "r", without the kanji= parameter if there are multiple definitions)
# [[kanji form 1]]: short definition 1
# [[kanji form 2]]: short definition 2
(other parts of speech, in English alphabetical order)

E.g. excerpted from ki:

==Japanese==
===Noun===
{{ja-noun|r|hira=き)
# [[木]]: [[tree]]
# [[気]]: [[air]], [[spirit]]

Noun

ki (hiragana き)

木: tree
気: air, spirit

Because all romaji entries correspond to one or more kana or formal Japanese entries, there is no need to include a detailed definition or a kanji-reading section in romaji entries.

Kanji entries

Entries for a single Kanji character are formatted as follows:

==Japanese==
===Kanji===
{{kanji |
[[on reading 1]] (''romaji''), [[on reading 2]] (''romaji'') |
[[kun reading]] (''romaji''),
[[whole word kun reading]] ([[kanji]], ''romaji'')
| rs=radical/stroke index}}

The template also categorizes the Kanji in Category:Japanese kanji which is sorted by radical/stroke as noted below.

E.g.:

==Japanese==
===Kanji===
{{kanji |
[[しゃ]] (''sha''), [[しょ]] (''sho'') |
[[かつ]] ([[且つ]], ''katsu'')
| rs=一04且}}

Readings

on'yomi:

しゃ (sha), しょ (sho)

kun'yomi:

かつ (且つ, katsu)

Parts of speech

Western explanations of Japanese grammar are so varied that none are definitive and no well-known Western methods are consistent with classical Japanese. Thus, the parts of speech should adhere to the common Japanese way of teaching grammar in modern 国語 (kokugo) texts, the method with the widest agreement among Japanese scholars. To support such classification, templates for each part of speech will link to an explanatory page with alternatives as to how to classify that part of speech.

Part of speech and conjugation type are to be maintained separately. So, rather than referring to godan verbs, an entry will refer to transitive verbs or intransitive verbs that follow the godan conjugation.

Nouns (名詞)

Noun - use L3 or L4 header Noun and {{ja-noun|k|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}

e.g. for 頭, use: {{ja-noun|k|hira=あたま|rom=atama}}

...which produces: 頭 (hiragana あたま, romaji atama)

Note that pronouns (代名詞) should be considered a subclass of nouns, and not a separate part of speech.
The count= parameter can be used to identify the counter used with this noun.

Verbs (動詞)

Use L3 or L4 header Verb and {{ja-verb|k|type=(type)|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}

Intransitive verb (自動詞)

e.g. 変わる kawaru, meaning “change” as in something changing

Transitive verb (他動詞)

e.g. 変える kaeru, meaning “change” as in changing something

To indicate transitivity, use the tr= parameter:

笑う (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana わらう, romaji warau)

Verb conjugation patterns

Godan conjugation (五段活用)

also known as Type I Conjugation, Consonant-Stem Conjugation

e.g. 読む yomu

Ichidan conjugation (一段活用)

also known as Type II Conjugation, Vowel-Stem Conjugation (includes Kami-Ichidan and Shimo-Ichidan Conjugation)

e.g. 見る miru, 出る deru

Irregular conjugation
1. Kuru Conjugation (カ行変格活用)
also known as KA-hen Conjugation, Type III Conjugation, Irregular Conjugation

来る kuru
1. Suru conjugation (サ行変格活用)
also known as SA-hen conjugation, Type III Conjugation, Irregular Conjugation

e.g. する suru, 勉強する benkyōsuru
1. Irregular honorific conjugation
e.g. いらっしゃる irassharu, なさる nasaru

For classical Japanese (文語), the following should also be included:

Yodan conjugation (四段活用)

e.g. 逢ふ apu

Kami-Ichidan conjugation (上一段活用)

e.g. 見る miru

Kami-Nidan conjugation (上二段活用)

e.g. 落つ otu

Shimo-Ichidan conjugation (下一段活用)

蹴る keru

Shimo-Nidan conjugation (下二段活用)

e.g. 出づ idu

Irregular K conjugation (カ行変格活用)

e.g. 来る kuru

Irregular S conjugation (サ行変格活用)

e.g. する suru, 勉強する benkyōsuru

Irregular N conjugation (ナ行変格活用)

帰ぬ inu, 死ぬ shinu

Irregular R conjugation (ラ行変格活用)

なり nari, あり ari, 侍り haberi

Adjectives (形容詞)

also known as i-adjective, true adjective, verbal adjective, descriptive verb

e.g. 美しい utsukushii

For classical Japanese (文語), the following should also be included:

Ku Declension (ク活用)
Shiku Declension (シク活用)

Use L3 or L4 header Adjective and {{ja-adj|k|decl=i|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Quasi-adjectives (形容動詞)

also known as na-adjective, adjectival noun, descriptive noun, copular adjective

e.g. 静かな shizukana

For classical Japanese (文語), the following should also be included:

Nari Declension (ナリ活用)
Tari Declension (タリ活用)

Use L3 or L4 header Adjective and {{ja-adj|k|decl=na|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Adverbs (副詞)

e.g. あまり amari, きっと kitto

Use L3 or L4 header Adverb and {{ja-pos|k|adverb|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Conjunctions (接続詞)

e.g. けれども keredomo, から kara, のに no ni

Use L3 or L4 header Conjunction and {{ja-pos|k|conjunction|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Interjections (感動詞)

e.g. ほら hora, あら ara, はい hai, いいえ iie

Use L3 or L4 header Interjection and {{ja-pos|k|interjection|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Particles (助詞)

Case particle　(格助詞)
Sentence-final particle (終助詞)
Indirect particle (間投助詞)
Adverbial particle (副助詞)
Binding particle (係助詞)
Conjunctive particle (接続助詞)

Use L3 or L4 header Particle and {{ja-pos|h|particle|rom=(romaji)}}.

Auxiliaries (助動詞)

also known as auxiliary verb

Indicate the type of conjugation (e.g. like godan, i-adjective, etc.)

Use L3 or L4 header Suffix and {{ja-pos|k|suffix|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Prenominals (連体詞)

also known as prenominal adjective, pre-noun adjective

e.g. この kono, その sono, あの ano, どの dono, 大きな ookina, いわゆる iwayuru

Use L3 or L4 header Prefix and {{ja-pos|k|prefix|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Counter word (助数詞)

e.g., -本

Use L3 or L4 header Counter and {{ja-pos|k|counter|hira=(hiragana)|rom=(romaji)}}.

Transliteration

See Wiktionary:About Japanese/Transliteration

Verb forms of nouns

Many nouns in Japanese have a verb form that is created by simply appending する (suru). Because this type of verb is so closely associated with the noun stem, each form should refer to the other with the {{ja-see-also}} template used at the top of the Japanese section after {{ja-kanjitab}}. (Used after because of a slight formatting difference.) See 監督 and 監督する.

Hiragana entries

Because entries for short hiragana tokens (e.g., しょ, sho) can correspond to so many kanji, it makes sense to have a level 3 section at the bottom called "Hiragana", with level 4 sections for on'yomi readings and kun'yomi readings. It might be prudent to include subtle differences in pronunciation (as exists between hashi "bridge" and hashi "chopstick"), but it is unclear how to indicate such differences using the wiki software.

Compounds

Any Japanese entry that is part of any larger terms that meet the criteria for inclusion should have a level 4 section with a bulleted list of links to the larger terms. That level 4 section should be called "Compounds" in kanji entries and "Derived terms" in non-kanji entries. The bulleted items that begin with the entry should come first.

A level 4 section called "Names" should contain any common names constructed from the kanji, even if such names duplicate a compound word.

Kana, Romaji, English translation

To accommodate the diverse needs and fluency levels of readers, each Japanese phrase or term should be expressed in four forms: a formal Japanese version, a kana version, a romaji version, and an English language translation. The additional verbosity is necessary to produce a general-purpose resource.

Quasi-adjectives

The main entry for quasi-adjectives should be in the な (na) form:

=== Adjective ===
{{ja-adj|kk|decl=な|hira=(kana)な|rom=(romaji) na}}

E.g. 平安な (heian na) has a level 3 section like this:

=== Adjective ===
{{ja-adj|kk|decl=な|hira=へいあんな|rom=heian na}}

平安な (hiragana へいあんな, romaji heian na)

Note that the “plain form”, e.g. 平安 (heian, “peace”), will always be a noun in English. (Often a -ness form, see 凸凹 (dekoboko) and 凸凹な (dekoboko na)) Each form should reference the other with a {{ja-see-also}} link after the language header and after the {{ja-kanjitab}} template if present. Redirects are not to be used because English Wiktionary does not redirect between terms with different spellings.

This should be followed by the definition(s), and then the declension table using template {{ja-na}}.

Additional help

Help from the community

Sometimes, we know there is a problem, but don't know what to do to correct the problem. If you should find a Japanese entry with a problem that you do not know how to correct, there are several ways to approach the situation.

Mark the page with {{ja-attention}}. This template adds the entry to Category:Japanese words needing attention, where another user can then find and correct the problem. It helps if you include comments on the entry's talk page explaining what the problem is or why you think the page needs attention.
Raise the issue on Wiktionary talk:About Japanese. Note that this approach is primarily for issues of style, formatting, categorization, and not for specifics of content.
Mark the page with {{rfc}}. this is a more general cleanup tag, and it allows the user to include reasons or concerns as an argument in the template. Be sure to also add an entry to WT:RFC concerning the word so that other editors will be made aware of the problem.

Other Japanese aids

Category:Japanese language
Category:Japanese templates
Wiktionary:Requested entries:Japanese
Category:Translations to be checked (Japanese)
Appendix:Japanese glossary
Japanese language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia:Japanese language
Japanese phonology on Wikipedia.Wikipedia:Japanese phonology
Japanese grammar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia:Japanese grammar
Japanese writing system on Wikipedia.Wikipedia:Japanese writing system

Basics

A very simple example

Lemma entries

Headings before the definitions

Etymology

Pronunciation

The article core

The part of speech or other descriptor

Headword (inflection) line

Definitions

Headings after the definitions

Alternative forms

Construction [mostly for verbs]

Conjugation (for verbs), Declension (adjectives and quasi-adjectives)

Usage notes

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Idioms

See also

Considerations about Japanese language entries

Non-lemma forms

Hiragana entries

Kanji reading

On-reading of:

Kun-reading of:

Noun

Romaji entries

Noun

Kanji entries

Readings

Parts of speech

Nouns (名詞)

Verbs (動詞)

Verb conjugation patterns

Adjectives (形容詞)

Quasi-adjectives (形容動詞)

Adverbs (副詞)

Conjunctions (接続詞)

Interjections (感動詞)

Particles (助詞)

Auxiliaries (助動詞)

Prenominals (連体詞)

Counter word (助数詞)

Transliteration

Verb forms of nouns

Hiragana entries

Compounds

Kana, Romaji, English translation

Quasi-adjectives

Categories

List of relevant categories

Sorting

Additional help

Help from the community

Other Japanese aids